Genesis 18:24

Genesis 18:24

Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?

a. NLT: Suppose you find fifty righteous people living there in the city—will you still sweep it away and not spare it for their sakes?

b. NIV: What if there are fifty righteous people in the city? Will you really sweep it away and not sparefn the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people in it?

c. YLT: peradventure there are fifty righteous in the midst of the city; dost Thou also consume, and not bear with the place for the sake of the fifty -- the righteous who are in its midst?

d. Amplified Bible: Suppose there are in the city fifty righteous; will You destroy the place and not spare it for [the sake of] the fifty righteous in it?

e. Septuagint: Should there be fifty righteous in the city, wilt thou destroy them? wilt thou not spare the whole place for the sake of the fifty righteous, if they be in it? 

f. Stone Edition Chumash: What if there should be fifty righteous people in the midst of the city? Would You still stamp it out rather than spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people within it?”

1. “Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city…”

a. peradventure there be [3426 * yesh] [Strong: perhaps from an unused root meaning to stand out, or exist; entity; used adverbially or as a copula for the substantive verb (1961); there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection):--(there) are, (he, it, shall, there, there may, there shall, there should) be, thou do, had, hast, (which) hath, (I, shalt, that) have, (he, it, there) is, substance, it (there) was, (there) were, ye will, thou wilt, wouldest.]

b. fifty [2572 * chamishshiym] [Strong: multiple of 2568; fifty:--fifty.]

c. righteous [6662 * tsaddiyq] [Strong: from 6663; just:--just, lawful, righteous (man).]

d. within [8432 * tavek] [Strong: from an unused root meaning to sever; a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre:--among(-st), X between, half, X (there- ,where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among), X out (of), X through, X with(-in).]

e. city [5892 * ‘iyr] [Strong: from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.]

2. “…wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?”

a. wilt thou also destroy [5595 * caphah] [Strong: a primitive root; properly, to scrape (literally, to shave; but usually figuratively) together (i.e. to accumulate or increase) or away (i.e. to scatter, remove, or ruin; intransitively, to perish):--add, augment, consume, destroy, heap, join, perish, put.]

b. and not spare [5375 * nasa’] [Strong: a primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absol. and rel. (as follows):--accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable (+ man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, X needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, + swear, take (away, up), X utterly, wear, yield.]

c. the place [4725 * maqowm] [Strong: from 6965; properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind):--country, X home, X open, place, room, space, X whither(-soever).]

d. for [4616 * ma’an] [Strong: from 6030; properly, heed, i.e. purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that:--because of, to the end (intent) that, for (to,... 's sake), + lest, that, to.]

e. the fifty [2572 * chamishshiym] [Strong: multiple of 2568; fifty:--fifty.]

f. righteous [6662 * tsaddiyq] [Strong: from 6663; just:--just, lawful, righteous (man).]

g. that are therein [7130 * qereb] [Strong: from 7126; properly, the nearest part, i.e. the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition):--X among, X before, bowels, X unto charge, + eat (up), X heart, X him, X in, inward (X -ly, part, -s, thought), midst, + out of, purtenance, X therein, X through, X within self.]

Genesis 18:23

Genesis 18:23

And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?

a. NLT: Abraham approached him and said, “Will you sweep away both the righteous and the wicked?

b. NIV: Then Abraham approached him and said: “Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked?

c. YLT: And Abraham draweth nigh and saith, 'Dost Thou also consume righteous with wicked?

d. Amplified Bible: And Abraham came close and said, Will You destroy the righteous (those upright and in right standing with God) together with the wicked?

e. Septuagint: And Abraam drew nigh and said, Wouldest thou destroy the righteous with the wicked, and shall the righteous be as the wicked?

f. Stone Edition Chumash: Abraham came forward and said, “Will You also stamp out the righteous along with the wicked?”

1. “And Abraham drew near, and said…”

a. Abraham [85 * ‘Abraham] [Strong: contracted from 1 and an unused root (probably meaning to be populous); father of a multitude; Abraham, the later name of Abram:--Abraham.]

b. drew near [5066 * nagash] [Strong: a primitive root; to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; relig. to worship; causatively, to present; figuratively, to adduce an argument; by reversal, to stand back:--(make to) approach (nigh), bring (forth, hither, near), (cause to) come (hither, near, nigh), give place, go hard (up), (be, draw, go) near (nigh), offer, overtake, present, put, stand.]

c. and said [559 * ‘amar] [Strong: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

2. “…Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?”

a. destroy [5595 * caphah] [Strong: a primitive root; properly, to scrape (literally, to shave; but usually figuratively) together (i.e. to accumulate or increase) or away (i.e. to scatter, remove, or ruin; intransitively, to perish):--add, augment, consume, destroy, heap, join, perish, put.

b. the righteous [6662 * tsaddiyq] [Strong: from 6663; just:--just, lawful, righteous (man).]

c. with [5973 * ‘im] [Strong: from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to, with(-al).]

d. the wicked [7563 * rasha’] [Strong: from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did wrong.]

1). God’s attitude toward the righteous and the wicked are spelled out in Ezekiel.

a). Ezekiel 18:21-23 But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.

18:22 All his transgressions that he hath committed, they shall not be mentioned unto him: in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live.

18:23 Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord God: and not that he should return from his ways, and live?

b). Ezekiel 18:31, 32 Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel?

18:32 For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.

Genesis 18:20

Genesis 18:20

And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous;

a. NLT: So the LORD told Abraham, “I have heard a great outcry from Sodom and Gomorrah, because their sin is so flagrant.

b. NIV: Then the LORD said, “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so grievous

c. YLT: And Jehovah saith, 'The cry of Sodom and Gomorrah -- because great; and their sin -- because exceeding grievous:

d. Amplified Bible: And the Lord said, Because the shriek [of the sins] of Sodom and Gomorrah is great and their sin is exceedingly grievous,

e. Septuagint: And the Lord said, The cry of Sodom and Gomorrha has been increased towards me, and their sins are very great.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: So HASHEM said, “Because the outcry of Sodom and Gomorrah has become great, and because their sin has been very grave.

1. “And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great…”

a. the LORD [3068 * Yhovah] [Strong: from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord.]

b. said [559 * ‘amar] [Strong: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

c. cry [2201 * za’aq] [Strongs: a shriek or outcry.] [AMG: It refers to the plaintive crying out for those oppressed in Sodom and Gommorah.]

1). Interestingly the Hebrew word for “cry” in Genesis 18:20 is different that that used in Genesis 18:21. The word study regarding it is I believe much more revealing.

d. of Sodom [5467 * Cdom] [Strong: from an unused root meaning to scorch; burnt (i.e. volcanic or bituminous) district; Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea:-- Sodom.]

e. and Gomorrah [6017 * ‘Amorrah] [Strong: from 6014; a (ruined) heap; Amorah, a place in Palestine:--Gomorrah.]

f. great [7227 * rab] [Strongs: abundant in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality.] [AMG: An adjective meaning many, much, great, long, mighty.]

1). In reality it was all the cities of the plain, and there were five of them: Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim, and Bela (renamed Zoar), Genesis 14:2. When they were destroyed, Lot fled to Zoar and the city was spared.

a). Genesis 19:17-22.

2. “…and because their sin is very grievous.”

a. their sin [2403 * chatta’ah] [Strong: from 2398; an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender:--punishment (of sin), purifying(-fication for sin), sin(-ner, offering).]

b. is very [3966 * m’od] [Strong: from the same as 181; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated):--diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), X louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very (+ much, sore), well.]

c. grievous [3513 * kabed] [Strongs: to be heavy in a bad sense, burdensome, severe. Or in a good sense, numerous, rich, honourable.]

Genesis 18:18

Genesis 18:18

Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?

a. NLT: “For Abraham will certainly become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed through him.

b. NIV: Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation, and all nations on earth will be blessed through him

c. YLT: and Abraham certainly becometh a nation great and mighty, and blessed in him have been all nations of the earth?

d. Amplified Bible: Since Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed through him and shall bless themselves by him?

e. Septuagint: But Abraam shall become a great and populous nation, and n him shall all the nations of the earth be blest.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: Now that Abraham is is surely to become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall bless themselves by him?

1. “Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation…”

a. Abraham [85 * ‘Abraham] [Strong: contracted from 1 and an unused root (probably meaning to be populous); father of a multitude; Abraham, the later name of Abram:--Abraham.]

b. become a great [1419 * gadowl] [Strong: from 1431; great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent:--+ aloud, elder(-est), + exceeding(-ly), + far, (man of) great (man, matter, thing,-er,-ness), high, long, loud, mighty, more, much, noble, proud thing, X sore, (X ) very.]

c. mighty [6099 * ‘atsuwm] [Strong: passive participle of 6105; powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous:--+ feeble, great, mighty, must, strong.]

d. nation [1471 * gowy] [Strong: apparently from the same root as 1465  (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.]

1). This is primarily speaking of the seed of Abraham and the redemption of the whole human race through Jesus and the preaching of that redemption, the Gospel.

a). Galatians 3:7-9 Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham.

3:8 And the Scripture, forseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all the nations be blessed.

3:9 So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham.

2. “…and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?”

a. and all the nations [1471 * gowy] [Strong: apparently from the same root as 1465  (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.]

b. of the earth [776 * ‘erets] [Strong:  from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth, field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.

2). But the world has also been blessed by the Jewish people in other matters. At least 194 Jews and people of half- or three-quarters-Jewish ancestry have been awarded the Nobel Prize, accounting for 23% of all individual recipients worldwide between 1901 and 2014. http://www.jinfo.org/Nobel_Prizes.html

a). Literature [14]

(1) Paul von Heyse (1910) Henri Bergson (1927) Boris Pasternak (1958) Shmuel Agnon (1966) Nelly Sachs (1966) Saul Bellow (1976) Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978) Elias Canetti (1981) Joseph Brodsky (1987) Nadine Gordimer (1991) Imre Kertész (2002) Elfriede Jelinek (2004) Harold Pinter (2005) Patrick Modiano (2014)

b). World Peace [9]

(1) 1911, Alfred Fried; 1911, Tobias Asser; 1968, Rene Cassin; 1973, Henry Kissinger; 1978, Menachem Begin; 1986, Elie Wiesel; 1994, Shimon Peres; 1994, Yitzhak Rabin; 1995, Joseph Rotblat.

c). Chemistry [36]

(1) 1905, Adolph Von Baeyer; 1906, Henri Moissan; 1910, Otto Wallach; 1915, Richard Willstaetter; 1918, Fritz Haber; 1943, George Charles de Hevesy; 1961, Melvin Calvin; 1962, Max Ferdinand Perutz; 1972, William Howard Stein; 1972, C.B. Anfinsen; 1977, Ilya Prigogine; 1979, Herbert Charles Brown; 1980, Paul Berg; 1980, Walter Gilbert; 1981, Ronald Hoffmann; 1982, Aaron Klug; 1985, Herbert A. Hauptman; 1985, Jerome Karle; 1986, Dudley R. Herschbach; 1988, Robert Huber; 1989, Sidney Altman; 1992, Rudolph Marcus; 1998, Walter Kohn; 2000, Alan J. Heeger; 2004, Irwin Rose; 2004, Avram Hershko; 2004, Aaron Ciechanover. Avram Hershko (2004) Irwin Rose (2004) Roger Kornberg (2006) Martin Chalfie (2008) Ada Yonath (2009) Dan Shechtman (2011) Robert Lefkowitz (2012) Martin Karplus (2013) Michael Levitt (2013) Arieh Warshel (2013)

d). Economics [29]

(1) 1970, Paul Anthony Samuelson; 1971, Simon Kuznets; 1972, Kenneth Joseph Arrow; 1973, Wassily Leontief; 1975, Leonid Kantorovich; 1976, Milton Friedman; 1978, Herbert A. Simon; 1980, Lawrence Robert Klein; 1985, Franco Modigliani; 1987, Robert M. Solow; 1990, Harry Markowitz; 1990, Merton Miller; 1992, Gary Becker; 1993, Rober Fogel; 1994, John Harsanyi; 1994, Reinhard Selten; 1997, Robert Merton; 1997, Myron Scholes; 2001, George Akerlof; 2001, Joseph Stiglitz, 2002, Daniel Kahneman; 2005, Robert (Israel) Aumann. Leonid (Leo) Hurwicz (2007) Eric Maskin (2007) Roger Myerson (2007) Paul Krugman (2008) Elinor Ostrom (2009) Peter Diamond  (2010) Alvin Roth (2012)

e). Medicine [55]

(1) 1908, Elie Metchnikoff; 1908, Paul Erlich; 1914, Robert Barany; 1922; Otto Meyerhof; 1930, Karl Landsteiner; 1931, Otto Warburg; 1936, Otto Loewi; 1944, Joseph Erlanger; 1944, Herbert Spencer Gasser; 1945, Ernst Boris Chain; 1946, Hermann Joseph Muller; 1950, Tadeus Reichstein; 1952, Selman Abraham Waksman; 1953, Hans Krebs; 1953, Fritz Albert Lipmann, 1958, Joshua Lederberg; 1959, Arthur Kornberg; 1964, Konrad Bloch; 1965, Francois Jacob, 1965, Andre Lwoff; 1967, George Wald, 1968, Marshall W. Nirenberg; 1969, Salvador Luria; 1970, Julius Axelrod; 1970, Sir Bernard Katz; 1972, Gerald Maurice Edelman; 1975, David Baltimore; 1975, Howard Martin Temin; 1976, Baruch S. Blumberg; 1977, Rosalyn Sussman Yalow; 1977, Andrew V. Schally; 1978, Daniel Nathans; 1980, Baruj Benacerraf; 1984, Cesar Milstein; 1985, Michael Stuart Brown, 1985, Joseph L. Goldstein; 1986, Stanley Cohen [& Rita Levi-Montalcini]; 1988, Gertrude Elion; 1989, Harold Varmus; 1991, Erwin Neher; 1991, Bert Sakmann; 1993, Richard J. Roberts; 1993, Phillip Sharp; 1994, Alfred Gilman; 1994, Martin Rodbell; 1995, Edward B. Lewis; 1997, Stanley B. Prusiner; 1998, Robert F. Furchgott; 2000, Eric R. Kandel; 2002, Sydney Brenner; 2002, Robert H. Horvitz; Richard Axel (2004) Andrew Z. Fire (2006) Bruce Beutler (2011) Ralph Steinman (2011) James Rothman (2013) Randy Schekman (2013)

f). Physics [51]

(1) 1907, Albert Abraham Michelson; 1908, Gabriel Lippmann; 1921, Albert Einstein; 1922, Niels Bohr; 1925, James Franck; 1925, Gustav Hertz, 1943, Gustav Stern, 1944, Isidor Issac Rabi, 1945, Wolfgang  Pauli; 1952, Felix Bloch, 1954, Max Born; 1958, Igor Tamm; 1958, Il'ja Mikhailovich; 1958,  Igor Yevgenyevich; 1959, Emilio Segre; 1960, Donald A. Glaser; 1961, Robert Hofstadter; 1962,  Lev Davidovich Landau; 1963, Eugene P. Wigner; 1965, Richard Phillips Feynman; 1965, Julian Schwinger; 1967, Hans Albrecht Bethe; 1969, Murray Gell-Mann; 1971, Dennis Gabor; 1972, Leon N. Cooper; 1973, Brian David Josephson; 1975, Benjamin Mottleson; 1976, Burton Richter; 1978, Arno Allan Penzias; 1978, Peter L Kapitza; 1979, Stephen Weinberg; 1979, Sheldon Glashow;  1988, Leon Lederman, 1988, Melvin Schwartz; 1988, Jack Steinberger, 1990, Jerome Friedman; 1992, Georges Charpak; 1995, Martin Perl, 1995, Frederick Reines; 1996, David M. Lee; 1996, Douglas D. Osheroff; 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji; 2000, Zhores I. Alferov; 2003, Vitaly Ginsburg; 2003, Alexei Abrikosov,  David ross (2004) H. David Politzer (2004) Roy Glauber (2005) Saul Perlmutter (2011) Adam Riess  (2011) Serge Haroche (2012) François Englert (2013)

Genesis 18:17

Genesis 18:17

And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;

a. NLT: “Should I hide my plan from Abraham?” the LORD asked.

b. NIV: Then the LORD said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do?

c. YLT: and Jehovah said, 'Am I concealing from Abraham that which I am doing,

d. Amplified Bible: And the Lord said, Shall I hide from Abraham [My friend and servant] what I am going to do,

e. Septuagint: And the Lord said, Shall I hide from Abraam my servant what things I intend to do?

f. Stone Edition Chumash: And HASHEM said, “Shall I conceal from Abraham what I do,

1. “And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do,”

a. the LORD [3068 * Yhovah] [Strong: from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah,  Jewish national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord.]

b. said [559 * ‘amar] [Strong: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

c. shall I hide [3680 * kacah] [Strong: a primitive root; properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy):--clad self, close, clothe, conceal, cover (self), (flee to) hide, overwhelm.]

d. from Abraham [85 * ‘Abraham] [Strong: contracted from 1 and an unused root (probably meaning to be populous); father of a multitude; Abraham, the later name of Abram:--Abraham.]

e. that thing which [834 * ‘asher] [Strong: a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, + from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where (+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, + whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.]

f. I do [6213 * ‘asah] [Strong: a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, + finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin, spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be (warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Genesis 18:8

Genesis 18:8

And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.

a. NLT: When the food was ready, Abraham took some yogurt and milk and the roasted meat, and he served it to the men. As they ate, Abraham waited on them in the shade of the trees.

b. NIV: He then brought some curds and milk and the calf that had been prepared, and set these before them. While they ate, he stood near them under a tree.

c. YLT: and he taketh butter and milk, and the son of the herd which he hath prepared, and setteth before them; and he is standing by them under the tree, and they do eat.

d. Amplified Bible: And he took curds and milk and the calf which he had made ready, and set it before [the men]; and he stood by them under the tree while they ate.

e. Septuagint: And he took butter and milk, and the calf which he had dressed; and he set them before them, and they did eat, and he stood by them under the tree.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: He took cream and milk and the calf which he had prepared, and placed these before them; he stood over them beneath the tree and they ate

1. And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them

a. he took [3947 * laqach] [Strong: a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.]

b. butter [2529 * chem’ah] [Strong: from the same root as 2346; curdled milk or cheese:--butter.]

c. and milk [2461 * chalab] [Strong: from the same as 2459; milk (as the richness of kine):--+ cheese, milk, sucking.]

d. and the calf [1121* ben] [Strong: from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to, (+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, + kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+) people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, + spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.]

e. calf [1241 * baqar] [Strong: from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:-- beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer, herd, kine, ox.]

f. which he had dressed [6213 * ‘asah] [Strong: a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, + finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin, spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be (warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.]

g. and set [5414 * nathan] [Strong: a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, + cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander, strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to) God, yield.]

h. before them [6440 * paniym] [Strong:  plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh {paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time), against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of), + beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), + honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, + meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on, open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street, X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s) past, (un-)to(-ward), + upon, upside (+ down), with(- in, + -stand), X ye, X you.]

2. “…and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.”

a. and he stood by them[5975 * ‘amad] [Strong: a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive):--abide (behind), appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed, endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be) present (self), raise up, remain, repair, + serve, set (forth, over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-)stand (by, fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.]

b. under the tree [6086 * ‘ets] [Strong: from 6095; a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks):--+ carpenter, gallows, helve, + pine, plank, staff, stalk, stick, stock, timber, tree, wood.]

c. and they did eat [398 * ‘akal] [Strong: a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, X quite.]

1). Abraham was literally waiting on the LORD as a waiter would at a modern restaurant.

a). Isaiah 40:28-31 Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, theLord, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding.

40:29 He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he increaseth strength.

40:30 Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:

40:31 But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.

2). After the resurrection when Jesus was in his glorified body he ate food with the disciples.

a). Luke 24:41-43 And while they yet believed not for joy, and wondered, he said unto them, Have ye here any meat?

24:42 And they gave him a piece of a broiled fish, and of an honeycomb.

24:43And he took it, and did eat before them.

3). I would love to have been able to hear the conversations.

Genesis 18:10

Genesis 18:10

And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.

a. NLT: Then one of them said, “I will return to you about this time next year, and your wife, Sarah, will have a son!” Sarah was listening to this conversation from the tent.

b. NIV: Then one of them said, “I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah your wife will have a son.” Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent, which was behind him.

c. YLT: and he saith, 'returning I return unto thee, about the time of life, and lo, to Sarah thy wife a son.'

d. Amplified Bible: [The Lord] said, I will surely return to you when the season comes round, and behold, Sarah your wife will have a son. And Sarah was listening and heard it at the tent door which was behind Him.

e. Septuagint: And he said, I will return and come to thee according to this period seasonably, and Sarrha thy wife shall have a son; and Sarrha heard at the door of the tent, being behind him.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: And he said, “I will surely return to you at this time next year, and behold Sarah your wife will have a son.” Now Sarah was listening at the entrance of the tent which was behind him.

1. “And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son.”

a. he said [559 * ‘amar] [Stromng: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

b. I will certainly return [7725 * shuwb] [Strong: a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer (+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, + continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back, fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, + say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, X surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.]

c. according to the time [6256 * ‘eth] [Strong: from 5703; time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.:--+ after, (al-)ways, X certain, + continually, + evening, long, (due) season, so (long) as, (even-, evening-, noon-)tide, ((meal-)), what) time, when.]

d. of life [2416 * chay] [Strong: from 2421 ; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.]

1). The phrase, “according to the time of life”, might mean the period of pregnancy, nine months. The NASB says, “at this time next year”. In the margin of the NASB, it reads, “when the time revives”. It could refer, as Henry Morris writes in his commentary on Genesis to the “reviving of Sarah’s bodily functions.”

2. “…and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son…”

a. Sarah [8283 * Sarah] [Strong: the same as 8282; Sarah, Abraham's wife:--Sarah.]

b. thy wife [802 * ‘ishshah] [Strong: feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym {naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as 582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none, one, + together, wife, woman.]

c. shall have a son [1121* ben] [Strong: from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to, (+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, + kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+) people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, + spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.]

1). This is the second time that the Lord told Abraham that Sarah was going to have a son. The first was no more than a few days or weeks earlier recorded in Genesis 17:1. At that time Abraham was ninety nine and Isaac was born when Abraham was one hundred, so this event in Genesis 18 had to occur within a few weeks at the most after Genesis 17.

3. “…And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.”

a. Sarah [8283 * Sarah] [Strong: the same as 8282; Sarah, Abraham's wife:--Sarah.]

b. heard [8085 * shama’] [Strong: a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.]

c. in the tent [168 * ‘ohel] [Strong: from 166; a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance):--covering, (dwelling)(place), home, tabernacle, tent.]

d. door [6607 * pethach] [Strong:  from 6605; an opening (literally), i.e. door (gate) or entrance way:--door, entering (in), entrance (-ry), gate, opening, place.]

1). This is the first recorded incident where Sarah herself meets and sees God. It is the seventh time for Abraham. This is significant in that for over 25 years, she has only heard from her husband’s mouth about God, and now she is seeing and hearing Him. It is no surprise that she was “in the tent door, which was behind him”, listening to the conversation between her husband and the Almighty.

e. which was behind him [310 * ‘achar] [Strong: from 309; properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses):--after (that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side), behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from, hereafter, hinder end, + out (over) live, + persecute, posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth), when, with.]

1). The important point at the end of this verse is that Sarah heard God say this to her husband and it sparked an exchange between her and the LORD, that changed her life forever.

Genesis 18:9

Genesis 18:9

And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent.

a. NLT: “Where is Sarah, your wife?” the visitors asked. “She’s inside the tent,” Abraham replied.

b. NIV: “Where is your wife Sarah?” they asked him. “There, in the tent,” he said.

c. YLT: And they say unto him, 'Where is Sarah thy wife?' and he saith, 'Lo -- in the tent;'

d. Amplified Bible: And they said to him, Where is Sarah your wife? And he said, [She is here] in the tent.

e. Septuagint: And he said to him, Where is Sarrha thy wife? And he answered and said, Behold! in the tent.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: They said to him, “Where is Sarah your wife?” And he said, “Behld! –in the tent!”

1. “And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife?...”

a. they said [559 * ‘amar] [Stromng: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

b. where [346 * ‘ayeh] [Strong:  prolonged from 335; where?:--where.]

c. Sarah [8283 * Sarah] [Strong: the same as 8282; Sarah, Abraham's wife:--Sarah.]

d. thy wife [802 * ‘ishshah] [Strong: feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym {naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as 582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none, one, + together, wife, woman.]

2. “…And he said, Behold, in the tent.”

a. he said [559 * ‘amar] [Stromng: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

b. in the tent [168 * ‘ohel] [Strong: from 166; a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance):--covering, (dwelling)(place), home, tabernacle, tent.]

1). Now begins the life changing event that transforms Sarah into a person who, “judged him faithful who had promised.”  Hebrews 11:11. Sarah at this time was behind the tent door listening to everything being said. She had no idea that her God was well aware of where she was and what was being thought in her mind.

Genesis 18:7

Genesis 18:7

And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.

a. NLT: Then Abraham ran out to the herd and chose a tender calf and gave it to his servant, who quickly prepared it.

b. NIV: Then he ran to the herd and selected a choice, tender calf and gave it to a servant, who hurried to prepare it.

c. YLT: and Abraham ran unto the herd, and taketh a son of the herd, tender and good, and giveth unto the young man, and he hasteth to prepare it;

d. Amplified Bible: And Abraham ran to the herd and brought a calf tender and good and gave it to the young man [to butcher]; then he [Abraham] hastened to prepare it.

e. Septuagint: And Abraam ran to the kine, and took a young calf, tender and good, and gave it to his servant, and he hasted to dress it.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: Then Abraham ran to the cattle, took a calf, tender and good, and gave it to the youth who hurried to prepare it.

1. “And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good…”

a. Abraham [85 * ‘Abraham] [Strong: contracted from 1 and an unused root (probably meaning to be populous); father of a multitude; Abraham, the later name of Abram:--Abraham.]

b. ran [7323 * ruwts] [Strong: a primitive root; to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush):--break down, divide speedily, footman, guard, bring hastily, (make) run (away, through), post.]

c. to the herd [1241 * baqar] [Strong: from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:-- beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer, herd, kine, ox.]

d. and fetcht [3947 * laqach] [Strong: a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.]

e. a calf [1121 * ben] [Strong: from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to, (+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, + kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+) people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, + spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.]

f. calf [1241 * baqar] See “to the herd” above.

g. tender [7390 * rak] [Strong: from 7401; tender (literally or figuratively); by implication, weak:--faint((-hearted), soft, tender ((-hearted), one), weak.]

h. good [2896 * towb] [Strong:  from 2895; good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good thing, a good man or woman; the good, goods or good things, good men or women), also as an adverb (well):--beautiful, best, better, bountiful, cheerful, at ease, X fair (word), (be in) favour, fine, glad, good (deed, -lier, -liest, -ly, -ness, -s), graciously, joyful, kindly, kindness, liketh (best), loving, merry, X most, pleasant, + pleaseth, pleasure, precious, prosperity, ready, sweet, wealth, welfare, (be) well ((-favoured)).]

2. “…and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.”

a.  gave it [5414 * nathan] [Strong: a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, + cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander, strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to) God, yield.

b. a young man [5288 * na’ar] [Strong: from 5287; (concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latitude in age):--babe, boy, child, damsel (from the margin), lad, servant, young (man).]

c. and he hasted [4116 * mahar] [Strong:  a primitive root; properly, to be liquid or flow easily, i.e. (by implication); to hurry (in a good or a bad sense); often used (with another verb) adverbially, promptly:--be carried headlong, fearful, (cause to make, in, make) haste(-n, -ily), (be) hasty, (fetch, make ready) X quickly, rash, X shortly, (be so) X soon, make speed, X speedily, X straightway, X suddenly, swift.]

d. to dress it [6213 * ‘asah] [Strong: a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, + finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin, spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be (warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.]

1). Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown Commentary: Animal food is never provided, except for visitors of a superior rank when a kid or lamb is killed. A calf is still a higher stretch of hospitality, and it would probably be cooked as is usually done when haste is required--either by roasting it whole or by cutting it up into small pieces and broiling them on skewers over the fire. It is always eaten along with boiled corn swimming in butter or melted fat, into which every morsel of meat, laid upon a piece of bread, is dipped, before being conveyed by the fingers to the mouth.

Genesis 18:6

Genesis 18:6

And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.

a. NLT: So Abraham ran back to the tent and said to Sarah, “Hurry! Get three large measures of your best flour, knead it into dough, and bake some bread.”

b. NIV: So Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah. “Quick,” he said, “get three seahs of the finest flour and knead it and bake some bread.”

c. YLT: And Abraham hasteth towards the tent, unto Sarah, and saith, 'Hasten three measures of flour-meal, knead, and make cakes;'

d. Amplified Bible: So Abraham hastened into the tent to Sarah and said, Quickly get ready three measures of fine meal, knead it, and bake cakes.

e. Septuagint: And Abraam hasted to the tent to Sarrha, and said to her, Hasten, and knead three measures of fine flour, and make cakes.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: So Abraham hastened to the tent to Sarah and said, “Hurry! Three se’ahs of meal, fine flour! Knead and make cakes!”

1. “And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said…”

a. Abraham [85 * ‘Abraham] [Strong: contracted from 1 and an unused root (probably meaning to be populous); father of a multitude; Abraham, the later name of Abram:--Abraham.]

b. hastened [4116 * mahar] [Strong: a primitive root; properly, to be liquid or flow easily, i.e. (by implication); to hurry (in a good or a bad sense); often used (with another verb) adverbially, promptly:--be carried headlong, fearful, (cause to make, in, make) haste(-n, -ily), (be) hasty, (fetch, make ready) X quickly, rash, X shortly, (be so) X soon, make speed, X speedily, X straightway, X suddenly, swift.]

c. into the tent [168 * ‘ohel] [Strong: from 166; a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance):--covering, (dwelling)(place), home, tabernacle, tent.]

d. Sarah [8283 * Sarah] [Strong:  the same as 8282; Sarah, Abraham's wife:--Sarah.]

e. and said [559 * ‘amar] [Strong: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

2. “…Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.”

a. make quickly [4116 * mahar] [Strong: a primitive root; properly, to be liquid or flow easily, i.e. (by implication); to hurry (in a good or a bad sense); often used (with another verb) adverbially, promptly:--be carried headlong, fearful, (cause to make, in, make) haste(-n, -ily), (be) hasty, (fetch, make ready) X quickly, rash, X shortly, (be so) X soon, make speed, X speedily, X straightway, X suddenly, swift.]

b. three [7969 * shalowsh or shalosh] [Strong: a primitive number; three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multipl.) thrice:--+ fork, + often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, + thrice.]

c. measure [5429 * c’ah] [Strong: from an unused root meaning to define; a seah, or certain measure (as determinative) for grain:--measure.]

d. fine meal [5560 * coleth] [Strong: from an unused root meaning to define; a seah, or certain measure (as determinative) for grain:--measure.]

e. knead [3888 * luwsh] [Strong: a primitive root; to knead:--knead.]

f. make…upon the hearth  [6213 * ‘asah] [Strong: a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, + finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin, spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be (warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.]

g. cakes [5692 * ‘uggah] [Strong: from 5746; an ash-cake (as round):--cake (upon the hearth).]

1). Three cakes for three individuals, the Lord God and two angels. What a fellowship, that God would come to dine with us.

a). Revelation 3:20 Behold, I stand at the door and knock: If any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in and sup with him, and he with me.

Genesis 18:5

Genesis 18:5

And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant. And they said, So do, as you hast said.

a. NLT: And since you’ve honored your servant with this visit, let me prepare some food to refresh you before you continue on your journey.” “All right,” they said. “Do as you have said.”

b. NIV: Let me get you something to eat, so you can be refreshed and then go on your way—now that you have come to your servant.” “Very well,” they answered, “do as you say.”

c. YLT: and I bring a piece of bread, and support ye your heart; afterwards pass on, for therefore have ye passed over unto your servant;' and they say, 'So mayest thou do as thou has spoken.'

d. Amplified Bible: And I will bring a morsel (mouthful) of bread to refresh and sustain your hearts before you go on further—for that is why you have come to your servant. And they replied, Do as you have said.

e. Septuagint: And I will bring bread, and ye shall eat, and after this ye shall depart on your journey, on account of which [refreshment] ye have turned aside to your servant. And he said, So do, as thou hast said.

f. Stone Edition Chumash: I will fetch a morsel of bread that you may sustain yourselves, then go on—inasmuch as you have passed your servant’s way.” They said, “do so, just as you have said.”

1. “And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts…”

a. I will fetch [3947 * laqach] [Strong: a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.]

b. a morsel [6595 * path] [Strong: from 6626; a bit:--meat, morsel, piece.]

c. of bread [3899 * lechem] [Strong: from 3898; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it):--((shew-))bread, X eat, food, fruit, loaf, meat, victuals.]

d. comfort [5582 * ca’ad] [Strong: a primitive root; to suport (mostly figurative):--comfort, establish, hold up, refresh self, strengthen, be upholden.]

e. your hearts [3820 * leb] [Strong: a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably, consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-), (hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly, wisdom.]

2. “…after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant…”

a. after that [310 * ‘achar] [Strong: from 309; properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses):--after (that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side), behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from, hereafter, hinder end, + out (over) live, + persecute, posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth), when, with.]

b. ye shall pass on [5674 * ‘abar] [Strong: a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be wrath.]

c. therefore have ye come [5674 * ‘abar] See “ye shall passs on” above.

d. to [5921 * ‘al] [Strong: the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications (as follow):--above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, X with.]

e. your servant [5650 * ‘ebed] [Strong: from 5647; a servant:--X bondage, bondman, (bond-)servant, (man-)servant.]

3. “…And they said, So do, as you hast said.”

a. and they said [1696 * dabar] [Strong: a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue:--answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use (entreaties), utter, X well, X work.]

b. so do [6213 * ‘asah] [Strong: a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, + finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin, spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be (warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.]

c. as thou hast said [559 * ‘amar] [Strong: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech), utter, X verily, X yet.]

Genesis 18:4

Genesis 18:4

Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree:

a. NLT: Rest in the shade of this tree while water is brought to wash your feet.

b. NIV: Let a little water be brought, and then you may all wash your feet and rest under this tree.

c. YLT: let, I pray thee, a little water be accepted, and wash your feet, and recline under the tree;

d. Amplified Bible: Let a little water be brought, and you may wash your feet and recline and rest yourselves under the tree.

e. Septuagint: Let water now be brought, and let them wash your feet, and do ye refresh [yourselves] under the tree. 

f. Stone Edition Chumash: Let some water be brought and wash your feet, and recline beneath the tree.

1. “Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet…”

a. let a little [4592 * m’at] [Strong: from 4591; a little or few (often adverbial or compar.):--almost (some, very) few(-er, -est), lightly, little (while), (very) small (matter, thing), some, soon, X very.]

b. water [4325 * mayim] [Strong: dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense); water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+ piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).]

c. I pray you [4994 * na’] [Strong: a primitive particle of incitement and entreaty, which may usually be rendered: "I pray," "now," or "then"; added mostly to verbs (in the Imperative or Future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction:--I beseech (pray) thee (you), go to, now, oh.]

d. be fetched [3947 * laqach] [Strong: a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.]

e. and wash [7364 * rachats] [Strong: a primitive root; to lave (the whole or a part of a thing):--bathe (self), wash (self).]

f. your feet [7272 * marglah] [Strong: denominative from 7272; (plural for collective) a footpiece, i.e. (adverbially) at the foot, or (direct.) the foot itself:--feet.]

2. “…and rest yourselves under the tree:”

a. rest yourselves [8172 * sha’an] [Strong: a primitive root; to support one's self:--lean, lie, rely, rest (on, self), stay.]

b. tree [6086 * ‘ets] [Strong: from 6095; a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks):--+ carpenter, gallows, helve, + pine, plank, staff, stalk, stick, stock, timber, tree, wood.]