Deuteronomy 26:1-11

Deuteronomy 26:1-11

1. The Confusion of the Tithe and the Firstfruits

a. Proverbs 3:9, 10 Honour the LORD with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of all thine increase:

So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine.

b. I got born again almost 48+ years ago. For 27 of those years I attended a Pentecostal church and for 16,+ of those years I had the responsibility of praying over the offering. Every time an offering was given during those years, I prayed over it and helped collect it and a majority of those times helped count it. Because of that responsibility I was led of the Lord frequently to do various studies of giving in the Bible. The giving of the tithes (all three of them), the offerings, the sacrifices, any example of giving I would study, some more exhaustive than others. During those years I cited many different passages that instruct on offering and giving to encourage believers in their giving, especially about giving their tithe. I probably cited the passage in Proverbs 3:9, 10. I have seen and heard many times the above passage used interchangeably with giving the tithe, as a result, a good many Christians believe that the tithe and the firstfruits are one in the same. Scripture, though, gives a different perspective which I hope to show. The first time I taught this was in two consecutive Bible studies on 4/17/1987 and 5/8/1987 (One month before me and Milissa got married on 6/11/1987) in my home. Todds Run Apartments, Williamsburg Ohio.The following four examples are a sample of the school of thought that teaches the tithe and firstfruits are one in the same.  

1). Harper’s Bible Commentary, p.230. Deuteronomy 26: “In the context of Deuteronomy, these firstfruits must be taken to be the same as the annual tithe (Deuteronomy 12:17-18; 14:22-27) brought to the central sanctuary and enjoyed by all.”

2). Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture, p273, Deuteronomy 26: “The relation between this offering and that of tithes is not clear; the fact that verses 1-11, like the law on tithes (14:22), is followed by the requirements for the triennial tithes (compare Deuteronomy 26:12-15 with 14:28), suggest a connection.”

3). Collegeville Bible Commentary, p223, Deuteronomy 26: “Verses 1-11 deal with the annual tithe of agricultural products made by the grateful Israelite”.

4). John Avanzini, “Financing the End Time Harvest, God’s Way”, p.102: Many people will pay all of their bills, and then, after all of the bills are distributed, they will tithe to God out of the remaining money. That may be a common practice, but child of God, it is not what the Bible teaches in Deuteronomy 26:2, 10, 12a…The process of bringing the First Fruits (before the bills) to God is called the tithe.”

a). One of the reasons I believe that folks mis-believe that Deuteronomy 26 is about tithing has to do with Deuteronomy 26:12 which references tithing. But the truth is the subject matter had changed from offering the firstfruits in the first 11 verses of Deuteronomy 26, to tithing “the third tithe” in Deuteronomy 26:12 which is done “within thy gates”, while Deuteronomy 26:1-11 is accomplished in Jerusalem. 

(1) Deuteronomy 26:12 When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithes of thine increase the third year, which is the year of tithing, and hast given it unto the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that they may eat within thy gates, and be filled.

(2) Deuteronomy 26:1, 2 And it shall be, when thou art come in unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and possessest it, and dwellest therein;

26:2 That thou shalt take of the first of all the fruit of the earth, which thou shalt bring of thy land that the LORD thy God giveth thee, and shalt put it in a basket, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to place his name there.

c. Scripture clearly teaches that the tithe and the firstfruits were two completely different offerings and each had a different destination when given. The first command concerning the tithe is listed at the end of Leviticus.

1). Leviticus 27:30-33 And all the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land, or of the fruit of the tree, is the Lord's: it is holy unto the Lord.

27:31 And if a man will at all redeem ought of his tithes, he shall add thereto the fifth part thereof.

27:32 And concerning the tithe of the herd, or of the flock, even of whatsoever passeth under the rod, the tenth shall be holy unto the Lord.

27:33 He shall not search whether it be good or bad, neither shall he change it: and if he change it at all, then both it and the change thereof shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed.

2). In Numbers 18, the chapter that outlines exactly the responsibilities of the offerings of Israel, the LORD tells Aaron the tithe was to go to the tribe of Levi (Numbers 18:21) because they had no inheritance of land. The LORD was their inheritance.

a). Numbers 18:20-24 And the Lord spake unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel.

18:21 And, behold, I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, even the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.

18:22 Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the tabernacle of the congregation, lest they bear sin, and die.

18:23 But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall bear their iniquity: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations, that among the children of Israel they have no inheritance.

18:24 But the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer as an heave offering unto the Lord, I have given to the Levites to inherit: therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

e. However, also in Numbers, the LORD instructed Aaron  that the destination of the firstfruits was to go to the priests.

1). Numbers 18:8-19 “And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever.

18:9 This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of theirs, and every meat offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and thy sons.

18:10 In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat it: it shall be holy unto thee.

18:11 And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I have given them to unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it.

18:12 All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, THE FIRSTFRUITS OF THEM WHICH THEY SHALL OFFER UNTO THE LORD, THEM HAVE I GIVEN THEE.

18:13 And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the LORD, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it.

18:14 Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine.

18:15 Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the LORD, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man, shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem.

18:16 And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.

18:17 But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for a offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD.

18:18 And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine.

18:19 All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the LORD, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD unto thee and to thy seed with thee.”

2). Notice carefully that the first fruits (Numbers 18:12) were to go to the priesthood, along with other offerings, but the tithe is not in the list.

f. A second passage that determines the destination of the firstfruits is given again by Moses in Deuteronomy.

 

1). Deuteronomy 26:1-11 And it shall be, when thou art come in unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and possessest it, and dwellest therein;

26:2 That thou shalt take of the first of all the fruit of the earth, which thou shalt bring of thy land that the LORD thy God giveth thee, and shalt put it in a basket, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to place his name there.

26:3 And thou shalt go unto the priest that shall be in those days, and say unto the LORD they God, that I am come unto the country which the LORD sware unto our fathers for to give us.

26:4 And the priest shall take the basket out of thine and, an set it down before the altar of the of thy God.

26:5 And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God,  A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous:

26:6 And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage.

26:7 And when we cried unto the LORD God of our fathers, the LORD heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our labour, and our oppression:

26:8 And the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, and with wonders:

26:9 And he hath brought us into this place, and hath given us this land, even a land that floweth with milk and honey.

26:10 And now, behold, I have brought the firstfruits of the land, which thou, O LORD, hast given me. And thou shalt set it before the LORD thy God, and worship before the LORD thy God:

26:11 And thou shalt rejoice in every good thing which the LORD thy God hath given unto thee, and unto thine house, thou, and the Levite, and the stranger that is among you.

a). The first reason to believe this passage is specifically referring to the firstfruits, is because two verses specifically mention the firstfruits. Deuteronomy 26:2 says, “thou shalt take of the first of all the fruit”, and Deuteronomy 26:10 says, “And now, behold I have brought the firstfruits of the land”

 

b). The second reason is the destination of the offering: In Deuteronomy 26:3 it says, “Thou shalt go unto the priest…”, Deuteronomy 26:4 says, “the priest shall take the basket out of thine hand…”

c). It is very clear from the passages above that because the tithe goes to the Levite and the firstfruits go to the priesthood, that they are two separate offerings. 

g. Another witness to the different regulations regarding the tithe and the firstfruits is given in Nehemiah 10:35-37. In agreement with the passages in Numbers and Deuteronomy , the following witness says the firstfruits went to the priest and tithe went to the Levites.

1). Nehemiah 10:35-37 “And to bring the firstfruits of our ground, and the firstfruit of all fruit of all trees, year by year, unto the house of the LORD: 

10:36 Also the firstborn of our sons, and of our cattle, as it is written in the law, and the firstlings of our herds and of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, unto the priests that minister in the house of our God:

10:37 And that we should bring the firstfruits of our dough, and our offerings, and the fruit of all manner of trees, of wine and of oil, unto the priests, to the chambers of the house of our God; and the tithes of our ground unto the Levites, that the same Levites might have the tithes in all the cities of our tillage.”

h. Many of the topics, persons and institutions of the Old Covenant as important as they were then and are now, are merely shadows of not only the New Covenant but also the millennial reign of Jesus Christ and beyond.

1). Hebrews 10:1 “For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things,…”

2). Colossians 2:16,17 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the Sabbath days:

Which are a shodow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.

a). The Temple in Jerusalem was ordained by God to be the center piece of Jewish worship: Deuteronomy 12:5. Yet it was a shadow of Jesus and us.: 1 Corinthians 3:16.

b). The Priesthood of the Old Covenant was a shadow of the High Priesthood of Jesus Christ Hebrews 3:1; and the universal priesthood of the New Testament believer: 1 Peter 2:5.

3). Likewise, the firstfruits of the Old Covenant were shadows of images in the New Covenant, none of which had anything to do with money

a). The firstfruits of the Spirit: Romans 8:23

b). The first people saved in an area: Romans 16:5.

c). “Christ the firstfruits” referring to the order of his resurrection, 1 Corinthians 15:23.

d). “The firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb”, in Revelation 14:4, refer to the 144,000 of Revelation 14:1. 

e). In James 1:18 it says, speaking of us, that “we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures.”

i. Conclusion: Scripture is clear. The tithe went to the Levites, and the firstfruits went to the priests. Proverbs 3:9, 10 does not refer to the Old Covenant practice of tithing, and neither does Deuteronomy 26:1-11. Both passages are referring to the Old Covenant practice of offering the firstfruits. To say that it is about tithing is sloppy scholarship.

1). Kenneth E. Hagin, in his book, The Midas Touch, A Balanced Approach to Biblical Prosperity, said this about the firstfruits. “Making a New Testament application of Old Testament technicalities violates every principle of Bible interpretation, especially when there isn’t a single New Testament usage of the word “firstfruits” in the context in which it is being preached by some ministers. The concept of firstfruits is not used in the New Testament in reference to financial giving. There is not even the vaguest hint of it by any New Testament writer in reference to money or the support of ministers.”  

j. Unger’s Bible Dictionary: The 16th Nisan, Cutting the barley Sheaf. This day was also called “the day after the Sabbath” Two days after Passover, and was the Feast of Firstfruits. And on it the omer of the frist produce of the harvest was waved before the Lord (Leviticus 23:1-14). [This event officially was the start of the Barley harvest.The harvest could not begin until this observance was done.] 

k. . The Feasts of the LORD, Kevin Howard, Marvin Rosenthal: On the morning of Nisan 16, [Passover was the 14 of Nisan; Nisan 15 the Feast of Unleavened Bread lasted 7 days]. The firstfruits were presented to the Lord. One omer (about 5 pints)  of barley flour was mixed with ¾ pint of olive oil, a small amount of frankincense was sprinkled upon it. This became the Firstfruits offering. The priest waved it before the Lord in accordance with [Leviticus 23:10-14]. The ritual for the Firstfruits ceremony was detailed in Deuteronomy 26:1-11] The order of the worship ceremony, even the actual wording of the thanksgiving prayer to God, was carefully recorded in that text.

l. Deuteronomy Bible Study Commentary,  Louis Goldberg:  When Israel would settle down in the land and begin to enjoy God’s blessings, they were to take the firstfruits of all they had produced, place them in an approved basket, and proceed to the shrine of God.s approval (Deuteronomy 26:1, 2). As each Israelite man presented his basket to the priest in office at the time, he was to declare that he had come to the land promised by the Lord God of Israel, (Deuteronomy 26:3). Each generation, as they made this pronouncement, would affirm that they are one with the generation which entered the Promised Land under Joshua, proclaiming thereby a continued thanksgiving for God’s faithfulness. The priest then placed the basket in front of the altar of the Lord (Deuteronomy 26:4). 

m. The confession of faith they were to confess when they presented the firstfruits is in Deuteronomy 26:5-10

1). Deuteronomy 26:5 And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God,  A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous:

26:6 And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage.

26:7 And when we cried unto the LORD God of our fathers, the LORD heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our labour, and our oppression:

26:8 And the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, and with wonders:

26:9 And he hath brought us into this place, and hath given us this land, even a land that floweth with milk and honey.

26:10 And now, behold, I have brought the firstfruits of the land, which thou, O LORD, hast given me. And thou shalt set it before the LORD thy God, and worship before the LORD thy God:

n. The confession of faith they were to confess when they gave the third tithe is Deuteronomy 26:12-15

1). Deuteronomy 26:12-15 When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithes of thine increase the third year, which is the year of tithing, and hast given it unto the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that they may eat within thy gates, and be filled;

26:13 Then thou shalt say before the Lord thy God, I have brought away the hallowed things out of mine house, and also have given them unto the Levite, and unto the stranger, to the fatherless, and to the widow, according to all thy commandments which thou hast commanded me: I have not transgressed thy commandments, neither have I forgotten them.

26:14 I have not eaten thereof in my mourning, neither have I taken away ought thereof for any unclean use, nor given ought thereof for the dead: but I have hearkened to the voice of the Lord my God, and have done according to all that thou hast commanded me.

26:15 Look down from thy holy habitation, from heaven, and bless thy people Israel, and the land which thou hast given us, as thou swarest unto our fathers, a land that floweth with milk and honey.

2).  The offering of the firstfruits on Firstfruits: Start of the barley harvest. Foreshadow of the resurrection of Christ. It seems that the offering of the Firstfruits in Leviticus 23:9-14 was the national offering while the offering in Deuteronomy 26 1-11 was the offering for the individual.

a). Leviticus 23:10-14 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

23:10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:

(1) sheaf [Strong: 6016 ʻômer, o'-mer; from H6014; properly, a heap, i.e. a sheaf; also an omer, as a dry measure:—omer, sheaf.] [2 liters of dry measure]

(2) This was not a sheaf or a bunch of barley stalks, but rather a milled measure of fine barley flour.

23:11 And he shall wave the sheaf before the Lord, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.

(1)  [to be] accepted [for you] [Strong: 7522 râtsôwn, raw-tsone'; or רָצֹן râtsôn; from H7521; delight (especially as shown):—(be) acceptable(-ance, -ed), delight, desire, favour, (good) pleasure, (own, self, voluntary) will, as...(what) would.]

(2) Prophetically, Christ is the firstfruits.

(a) 1 Corinthians 15:20-23  But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.

15:21 For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.

15:22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.

15:23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming.

(3) In light of Christ being our firstfruits, all of the above cited translations say the same thing in different words. The firstfruit sheaf was waved for the following purpose: NASB 95:”for you to be accepted”. NKJV: “to be accepted on your behalf”. Classic Amplified: “that you may be accepted”. Chumash: “to gain favor for you”. ESV: “so that you may be accepted”. When Christ our firstfruits was raised from the dead it was because we were justified. This is a wonderful foreshadow of our justification in Christ accomplished when jesus arose from the dead.

(a) Romans 4:25 [NKJV]: Who was delivered up because of our offenses, and was raised because of our justification.

(b) Romans 4:25 [NASB 95]: He who was delivered over because of our transgressions, and was raised because of our justification.

(c) Romans 4:25 [ESV]: Who was delivered up for our trespasses and raised for our justification.

(d)Romans 4:25 [Classic Amplified]: Who was betrayed and put to death because of our misdeeds and was raised to secure our justification (our acquittal), [making our account balance and absolving us from all guilt before God].

(4). What a wonderful prophetic picture. Glory to God.

a). (Cont;) 23:12 And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the Lord.

23:13 And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the Lord for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.

23:14 And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

3). The offering of the firstfruits on Pentecost: End of barley harvest, beginning of wheat harvest. 

a). Leviticus 23:15-21 .And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:

23:16 Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the Lord.

23:17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals; they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the Lord.

23:18 And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the Lord, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the Lord.

23:19 Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.

23:20 And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the Lord, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the Lord for the priest.

23:21 And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.