Deuteronomy 27:13

Deuteronomy 27:13

And these shall stand upon mount Ebal to curse; Reuben, Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.

a. NASB 2020: “For the curse, these tribes shall stand on Mount Ebal: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.  [NASB20] New American Standard Bible. Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation; All Rights Reserved]

b. YLT: And these do stand, for the reviling, on mount Ebal: Reuben, Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.  [The Young's Literal Translation was translated by Robert Young, who believed in a strictly literal translation of God's word. This version of the Bible is in the public domain.]

c. Classic Amplified: And these [tribes] shall stand on Mount Ebal to pronounce the curse [for disobedience]: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.  [Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC) Copyright © 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation]

d. ESV: And these shall stand on Mount Ebal for the curse: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.[Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001, 2007, 2011, 2016 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.]

e. Stone Edition THE CHUMASH, Rabbinic Commentary: And these shall stand for the curse on Mount Ebal; Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulon, Dan and Naphtali.  [The Artscroll Series/Stone Edition, THE CHUMASH Copyright 1998, 2000 by MESORAH PUBLICATIONS, Ldt.]

1. “And these shall stand upon mount Ebal to curse; Reuben, Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.”

a. [And] these [Strong: 428 ʼêl-leh, ale'-leh; prolonged from H411; these or those:—an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).]

b. [shall] stand [Strong: 5975 ʻâmad, aw-mad'; a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive):—abide (behind), appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed, endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be) present (self), raise up, remain, repair, serve, set (forth, over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-) stand (by, fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.]

c. mount [Strong: 2022 har, har; a shortened form of H2042; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively):—hill (country), mount(-ain), × promotion.]

d. Ebal [Strong: 5858 ʻÊybâl, ay-bawl'; perhaps from an unused root probably meaning to be bald; bare; Ebal, a mountain of Palestine:—Ebal.]

e. to [Strong: 5921 ʻal, al; properly, the same as H5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications:—above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, × as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, × both and, by (reason of), × had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, × with.]

f. curse [Strong: 7045 qᵉlâlâh, kel-aw-law'; from H7043; vilification:—(ac-) curse(-d, -ing).]

g. Reuben [Strong: 7205 Rᵉʼûwbên, reh-oo-bane'; from the imperative of H7200 and H1121; see ye a son; Reuben, a son of Jacob:—Reuben.]

h. Gad [Strong: Gâd, gawd; from H1464; Gad, a son of Jacob, including his tribe and its territory; also a prophet:—Gad.]

i. [and] Asher [Strong: 836 ʼÂshêr, aw-share'; from H833, happy; Asher, a son of Jacob, and the tribe descended from him, with its territory; also a place in Palestine:—Asher]

j. [and] Zebulon [Strong: 2074 Zᵉbûwlûwn, zeb-oo-loon'; or זְבֻלוּן Zᵉbulûwn; or זְבוּלֻן Zᵉbûwlun; from H2082; habitation; Zebulon, a son of Jacob; also his territory and tribe:—Zebulun.]

k. Dan [Strong: 1835 Dân, dawn; from H1777; judge; Dan, one of the sons of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in Palestine colonized by them:—Daniel.]

l.  Naphtali [Strong: 5321 Naphtâlîy, naf-taw-lee'; from H6617; my wrestling; Naphtali, a son of Jacob, with the tribe descended from him, and its territory:—Naphtali.]

1). Deuteronomy, Louis Goldberg: A list of twelve curses, sometimes designated as the Dodecalog, are proclaimed. As each curse is pronounced, all the people were to respond with a resounding “Amen” (See also Numbers 5:22; 1 Kings 1:36; Nehemiah 5:13 & 8:6). As the people approved of each curse, they were declaring that any time they or their descendants, as each of them would also have to assent in future renewals of the covenant, failed to be responsible before God, the consequences would be drastic. The first curse condemns the person who would carve or cast an idol (Deuteronomy 27:15). The longest description of all curses, and first on the list, is the condemnation of a person who yields allegiance to a foreign god. Such wickedness is nothing less than a breakdown of commandments 1 & 2. What makes the crime worse is that pagan worship is practiced in secret as if God cannot see what goes on in the dark. Tragically, future generations did become involved in detestable practices (Isaiah 44:9-20; Jeremiah 10:1-16). The second curse is a judgment against one who would dishonor or despise his or her father and mother, which is a breakdown of commandment 5 (Deuteronomy 27:16; Deuteronomy 21:18-21). While the prosecution of a stubborn son or daughter involves an emotional strain on the family, this curse was intended as a deterrent to wayward behavior of sons and daughters. The third curse relates to property rights (Deuteronomy 27:14) and moving boundary stones (which was considered stealing), which is against commandment 8 (Deuteronomy 27:17). The fourth curse  was pronounced against the person who would lead astray the blind (Deuteronomy 27:18), because the less fortunate of society are under God’s special care (Leviticus 19:14. The scope of this curse has a wider meaning, however, because it is a warning against anyone who would take advantage of ahny unfortunate person. A fifth curse gave h4e alien, orphan, and widow protection against injustice (Deuteronomy 27:19; 24:17). The next four curses attempt to prevent a breakdown of commandment 7 within the society. Illicit sex is detestable to God (Leviticus 18:6-23), and the possibilities are: the person who sleeps with his father’s wife (the stepmother Deuteronomy 27:20; 22:30; Leviticus 18:8, 20:11); the one who commits besteality (Deuteronomy 27:21; Exodus 22:19; Leviticus 18:23; 20:15); the man who has sex relations with his sister (Deuteronomy 27:22, and the rule also applies to a brother and sister who have only one parent in common; and finally, the person who has relations with his mother-in-law; (Deuteronomy 27:23; Leviticus 18:17; 20:14). The tenth and eleventh curses relate to murder, addressed in commandment 6. The tenth curse condemns the killer who secretly plots to kill another person (Deuteronomy 27:24; Exodus 21:12; Psalm 10:8) and whose identity is unknown. Even though the killer can never be brought to trial, God has already pronounced judgment. The eleventh curse condemns the assassin who seeks gain from the crime (Deuteronomy 27:25; 16:19; Leviticus 19:15, 35). The twelfth and last curse is all-inclusive; the person who does not keep all of the law (Torah) is cursed. The first eleven curses are examples, but the twelfth curse will be applied to a person who does not abide by the words of the law.