Jude 13

Jude 13

Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.

a. NLT: They are like wild waves of the sea, churning up the foam of their shameful deeds. They are like wandering stars, doomed forever to blackest darkness.

b. NIV: They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.

c. YLT: Wild waves of a sea, foaming out their own shames; stars going astray, to whom the gloom of the darkness to the age hath been kept.

d. Amplified Bible Classic: Wild waves of the sea, flinging up the foam of their own shame and disgrace; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of eternal darkness has been reserved forever.

e. Worrell Translation: Wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own ignominies; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of the darkness has been reserved forever.

f. Wuest Translation: Wild, untamed sea waves, foaming up their own shames, wandering meteors, for whom the blackness of the darkness has been reserved forever.

g. Peshitta Eastern Text: Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.

1. “Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame;…”

a. raging [Strong: 66 agrios ag'-ree-os from 68; wild (as pertaining to the country), literally (natural) or figuratively (fierce):--wild, raging.] [Eng. Agriculture] [Zodhiates: Belonging to the field, wild, turbulent, tempestuous.]

b. foaming [Strong: 1890 epaphrizo ep-af-rid'-zo from 1909 and 875; to foam upon, i.e. (figuratively) to exhibit (a vile passion):--foam out.] [Zodhiates: To foam upon or out, meaning to pour out like foam.] [D.C.: Opening a coke after it has been dropped or shaken.]

c. shame [Strong: 152 aischune ahee-skhoo'-nay from 153; shame or disgrace (abstractly or concretely):--dishonesty, shame.] [Vine: A thing to be ashamed of] [Bullinger: The sense of disgrace.]

1). Their lifestyle produces the shame.

a). Isaiah 57: 20 But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

b). Phillippians 3:18, 19 (For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ:

Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.)

2). Speaking of the last days Jesus said in Luke 21:25 “And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring;”

2. “…wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.”

a. wandering  [Strong: 4107 planetes plan-ay'-tace from 4108; a rover ("planet"), i.e. (figuratively) an erratic teacher:--wandering.] [English: planet] [Zodhiates: From planao-lead astray; One who wanders about. In the N.T., attributed to a star, a wandering star; planet; figuratively of a false teacher.]

b. stars [Strong: 792 aster as-tare' probably from the base of 4766; a star (as strown over the sky), literally or figuratively:--star.] [Zodhiates: Metaphorically of false and impius teachers as star planets, wandering stars, meteors.]

c. to whom [Strong: 3739 hos hos, including feminine he hay, and neuter ho ho probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588); the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that:--one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc.]

d. is reserved [Strong: 5083 tereo tay-reh'-o from teros (a watch; perhaps akin to 2334); to guard (from loss or injury, properly, by keeping the eye upon; and thus differing from 5442, which is properly to prevent escaping; and from 2892, which implies a fortress or full military lines of apparatus), i.e. to note (a prophecy; figuratively, to fulfil a command); by implication, to detain (in custody; figuratively, to maintain); by extension, to withhold (for personal ends; figuratively, to keep unmarried); by extension, to withhold (for personal ends; figuratively, to keep unmarried):--hold fast, keep(- er), (pre-, re-)serve, watch.]

e. the [Strong: 3588 ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.]

f. blackness [Strong: 2217 zophos dzof'-os akin to the base of 3509; gloom (as shrouding like a cloud):--blackness, darkness, mist.]

g. of darkness [Strong: 4655 skotos skot'-os from the base of 4639; shadiness, i.e. obscurity (literally or figuratively):--darkness.]

h. for [Strong: 1519 eis ice a primary preposition; to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases:--(abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).]

i. ever [Strong: 165 aion ahee-ohn' from the same as 104; properly, an age; by extension, perpetuity (also past); by implication, the world; specially (Jewish) a Messianic period (present or future):--age, course, eternal, (for) ever(-more), (n-)ever, (beginning of the , while the) world (began, without end).]

1). 2 Peter 2:17 “…to whom the mist of darkness is reserved forever.”

a). mist [Strong: 2217  zophos dzof'-os akin to the base of 3509; gloom (as shrouding like a cloud):--blackness, darkness, mist.] [Zodhiates: Darkness, elsewhere spoken of the darkness of Tartarus or Gehenna, of the darkness or thick darkness associated with the region of those who are lost.]

b). The Greek phrase translated “mist of darkness” is the same Greek words used in Jude 13 translated “blackness of darkness”. Why the King James translators chose to word it differently in each verse is unknown to me.

2). The English phrase “mist of darkness” is used one other time in Acts.

a). Acts 13:6-12 And when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos, they found a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Barjesus:

13:7 Which was with the deputy of the country, Sergius Paulus, a prudent man; who called for Barnabas and Saul, and desired to hear the word of God.

13:8 But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith.

13:9 Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,) filled with the Holy Ghost, set his eyes on him,

13:10 And said, O full of all subtilty and all mischief, thou child of the devil, thou enemy of all righteousness, wilt thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord?

13:11 And now, behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a season. And immediately there fell on him a mist and a darkness; and he went about seeking some to lead him by the hand.

13:12 Then the deputy, when he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord.

b). Though darkness is the same Greek word used in Jude 13 and 2 Peter 2:17, the word “mist” is not the same as in 2 Peter 2:17.

c). mist [Strong: 887 achlus akh-looce' of uncertain derivation; dimness of sight, i.e. (probably) a cataract:--mist.] [Zodhiates: a thick mist, a collection of heavy vapors which diverts the rays of light by turning them out of their direct course.][Thayer: mist, darkness.]

d). Perhaps the “mist of darkness” was a preview of what Elymas was in store for.