Luke 11:31

 Luke 11:31

The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and condemn them: for she came from the utmost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.

[Strong: 3588. [tais] ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [Tais] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.]

a. NLT: “The queen of Sheba will stand up against this generation on judgment day and condemn it, for she came from a distant land to hear the wisdom of Solomon. Now someone greater than Solomon is here—but you refuse to listen. [Scripture quotations marked (NLT) are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.]

b. ASV: The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and shall condemn them: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, a greater than Solomon is here. [Thomas Nelson & Sons first published the American Standard Version in 1901. This translation of the Bible is in the public domain.]

c. YLT: 'A queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and shall condemn them, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and lo, greater than Solomon here! [The Young's Literal Translation was translated by Robert Young, who believed in a strictly literal translation of God's word. This version of the Bible is in the public domain.]

d. Classic Amplified: The queen of the South will arise in the judgment with the people of this age and generation and condemn them; for she came from the ends of the [inhabited] earth to listen to the wisdom of Solomon, and notice, [n]here is more than Solomon. [Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC) Copyright © 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation]

1. “The queen of the south shall rise up in judgment with the men of this generation and shall condemn them…”

a. [The] queen [Strong: 938. basilissa bas-il'-is-sah feminine from 936; a queen:--queen.]

b. [of the] south [Strong: 3558. notos not'-os of uncertain affinity; the south(-west) wind; by extension, the southern quarter itself:--south (wind).]

c. [shall] rise up [Strong: 1453. egeiro eg-i'-ro probably akin to the base of 58 (through the idea of collecting one's faculties); to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e. rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from obscurity, inactivity, ruins, nonexistence):--awake, lift (up), raise (again, up), rear up, (a-)rise (again, up), stand, take up.]

d. in [Strong: 1722. en en a primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state), and (by implication) instrumentality (medially or constructively), i.e. a relation of rest (intermediate between 1519 and 1537); "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.:--about, after, against, + almost, X altogether, among, X as, at, before, between, (here-)by (+ all means), for (... sake of), + give self wholly to, (here-)in(-to, -wardly), X mightily, (because) of, (up-)on, (open-)ly, X outwardly, one, X quickly, X shortly, (speedi-)ly, X that, X there(-in, -on), through(-out), (un-)to(-ward), under, when, where(-with), while, with(-in). Often used in compounds, with substantially the same import; rarely with verbs of motion, and then not to indicate direction, except (elliptically) by a separate (and different) preposition.]

e. judgment [Strong: 2920. krisis kree'-sis decision (subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension, a tribunal; by implication, justice (especially, divine law):--accusation, condemnation, damnation, judgment.]

f. with [Strong: 3326. meta met-ah' a primary preposition (often used adverbially); properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession) with which it is joined; occupying an intermediate position between 575 or 1537 and 1519 or 4314; less intimate than 1722 and less close than 4862):--after(-ward), X that he again, against, among, X and, + follow, hence, hereafter, in, of, (up-)on, + our, X and setting, since, (un-)to, + together, when, with (+ -out). Often used in composition, in substantially the same relations of participation or proximity, and transfer or sequence.]

g. this [Strong: 3588. [ton] ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [ton] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.]

h. men [Strong: 435. aner an'-ayr a primary word (compare 444); a man (properly as an individual male):--fellow, husband, man, sir.]

i. [of] this [Strong: 3588. [ton] ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [ton] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.]

j. generation [Strong: 1074. genea ghen-eh-ah' from (a presumed derivative of) 1085; a generation; by implication, an age (the period or the persons):--age, generation, nation, time.]

k. and [Strong: 2532. kai kahee apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force; and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words:--and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.]

l. [shall] condemn [Strong: 2632. katakrino kat-ak-ree'-no from 2596 and 2919; to judge against, i.e. sentence:--condemn, damn.]

m. them [Strong: 846. autos ow-tos' from the particle au (perhaps akin to the base of 109 through the idea of a baffling wind) (backward); the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative 1438) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons:--her, it(-self), one, the other, (mine) own, said, (self-), the) same, ((him-, my-, thy- )self, (your-)selves, she, that, their(-s), them(-selves), there(-at, - by, -in, -into, -of, -on, -with), they, (these) things, this (man), those, together, very, which.]

1). The woman that Jesus was referring to is of course the Queen of Sheba, the queen who had heard of the wisdom of Solomon and traveled to Jerusalem to hear him. The account is found in two passages of Scripture in the Old Testament. 

a). 1 Kings 10:1-13 And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions.

10:2 And she came to Jerusalem with a very great train, with camels that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart.

10:3 And Solomon told her all her questions: there was not any thing hid from the king, which he told her not.

10:4 And when the queen of Sheba had seen all Solomon's wisdom, and the house that he had built,

10:5 And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her.

10:6 And she said to the king, It was a true report that I heard in mine own land of thy acts and of thy wisdom.

10:7 Howbeit I believed not the words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, the half was not told me: thy wisdom and prosperity exceedeth the fame which I heard.

10:8 Happy are thy men, happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, and that hear thy wisdom.

10:9 Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee, to set thee on the throne of Israel: because the LORD loved Israel for ever, therefore made he thee king, to do judgment and justice.

10:10 And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices very great store, and precious stones: there came no more such abundance of spices as these which the queen of Sheba gave to king Solomon.

b). 2 Chronicles 9:1-12 And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, she came to prove Solomon with hard questions at Jerusalem, with a very great company, and camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart.

9:2 And Solomon told her all her questions: and there was nothing hid from Solomon which he told her not.

9:3 And when the queen of Sheba had seen the wisdom of Solomon, and the house that he had built,

9:4 And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel; his cupbearers also, and their apparel; and his ascent by which he went up into the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her.

9:5 And she said to the king, It was a true report which I heard in mine own land of thine acts, and of thy wisdom:

9:6 Howbeit I believed not their words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, the one half of the greatness of thy wisdom was not told me: for thou exceedest the fame that I heard.

9:7 Happy are thy men, and happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, and hear thy wisdom.

9:8 Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee to set thee on his throne, to be king for the LORD thy God: because thy God loved Israel, to establish them for ever, therefore made he thee king over them, to do judgment and justice.

9:9 And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices great abundance, and precious stones: neither was there any such spice as the queen of Sheba gave king Solomon.

2). An interesting Scriptural link to this verse is written by Paul in 1 Corinthians 6. Paul wrote by the inspiration of the Holy Ghost that only the saints will judge the world.

a). 1 Corinthians 6:2 Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and if the world shall be judged by you, are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters?

b). The Queen of Sheba will take part in the judgment of the world, judging the generations who have rejected Christ Jesus. We will see the Queen of Sheba in heaven. 

2. “…for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon…”

a. for [Strong: 3754. hoti hot'-ee neuter of 3748 as conjunction; demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because:--as concerning that, as though, because (that), for (that), how (that), (in) that, though, why.]

b. [she] came [Strong: 2064. erchomai er'-khom-ahee middle voice of a primary verb (used only in the present and imperfect tenses, the others being supplied by a kindred (middle voice) eleuthomai el-yoo'-thom-ahee, or (active) eltho el'-tho, which do not otherwise occur) to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively):--accompany, appear, bring, come, enter, fall out, go, grow, X light, X next, pass, resort, be set.]

c. from [Strong: 1537. ek ek or ex ex a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause; literal or figurative; direct or remote):--after, among, X are, at, betwixt(-yond), by (the means of), exceedingly, (+ abundantly above), for(- th), from (among, forth, up), + grudgingly, + heartily, X heavenly, X hereby, + very highly, in, ...ly, (because, by reason) of, off (from), on, out among (from, of), over, since, X thenceforth, through, X unto, X vehemently, with(-out). Often used in composition, with the same general import; often of completion.]

d. the [Strong: 3588. [ton] ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [ton] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.]

e. uttermost parts [Strong: 4009. peras per'-as from the same as 4008; an extremity:--end, ut-(ter-)most participle]

f. [of] the [Strong: 3588. [tes] ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [tes] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.]

g. earth [Strong: 1093. ge ghay contracted from a primary word; soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application):--country, earth(-ly), ground, land, world.]

h. [to] hear [Strong: 191. akouo ak-oo'-o a primary verb; to hear (in various senses):--give (in the) audience (of), come (to the ears), (shall) hear(-er, -ken), be noised, be reported, understand.]

i. the [Strong: 3588. [ten] ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [ten] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.]

j. wisdom [Strong: 4678. sophia sof-ee'-ah from 4680; wisdom (higher or lower, worldly or spiritual):--wisdom.]

k. [of] Solomon [Strong: 4672. Solomon sol-om-one' of Hebrew origin (8010); Solomon (i.e. Shelomoh), the son of David:--Solomon.]

1). The kingdom of Sheba was located in what is now Ethiopia. Just this week (2/11/12) it was reported that the temple and the gold mine of the Queen of Sheba had been discovered. 

a). Archaeologists strike gold in quest to find Queen of Sheba's wealth https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/feb/12/archaeologists-and-quest-for-sheba-goldmines

2/12/12 Dayla Alberge

The excavation was led by Louise Schofield an archaeologist and former British Museum curator, who headed the excavation on the high Gheralta plateau in northern Ethiopia. 

b). The article places the archeological site on the Gheralta area in northern Ethiopia. Further research revealed it to be in the Tigray state or province. Jesus said she “came from the uttermost parts of the earth”. Folks, the logistics in this are extremely impressive. The distance from the Tigray province to Jerusalem is about 1500 miles. Up until the middle of the 1800’s, travel was either on foot, on horseback or some sort of wagon, or if on water by boat or raft. The standard was about twenty miles a day.

c). Moody Atlas Of Bible Lands, Barry Beitzel. P. 65. “The evidence is uniform and mutually corroborating that one day’s travel journey in the biblical world incorporated between 17-23 miles, with slightly higher average mileage when traveling downstream by boat. Moreover, those same averages are found in later classical and medieval literature from Egypt to Turkey…Abraham cited Mt. Moriah on the third day of his trip from Beersheba (Genesis 22:4), and the two sites were separated by approximately 50 airline miles. Ezra led a Jewish caravan from Babylonia to Jerusalem. His company departed from the Babylonian frountier on the twelfth day of the first month (Ezra 8:31) and arrived in Jerusalem on the first day of the fourth month (Ezra 7:9), which means the journey itself took a little more than three-and-one-half months…they traveled about 900 miles in a little more than 100 days. [About 9 miles a day]…Peter journeyed 40 miles from Joppa to Caesarea and arrived at his destination on the second day (Acts 10:23-24)…Cornelius later explained that his own ambassadors had journeyed round trip between Joppa and Caesarea in four days (Acts 10:30).”

2). Because this was a queen who came, “…with a very great company, and camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones…”, the amount of travel would have been closer to what Ezra’s caravan achieved,  probably just over 9 miles a day.  Just the gold by itself was four and a half tons, 9,000 pounds, besides the spices and precious stones, so travel would be slower. Even estimating the numbers at 20 miles a day it would take 75 days, but it would have been probably half that number, closer to 10. It would be a fair estimate it took about 5 months to get this caravan from Sheba to Jerusalem. She traveled this extreme distance to hear the wisdom of Solomon, the wisest man in the world.

3). The wisdom of Solomon possessed was greater than any human being besides Jesus.

a). 2 Chronicles 1:7-12 In that night did God appear unto Solomon, and said unto him, Ask what I shall give thee.

And Solomon said unto God, Thou hast shewed great mercy unto David my father, and hast made me to reign in his stead.

Now, O LORD God, let thy promise unto David my father be established: for thou hast made me king over a people like the dust of the earth in multitude.

Give me now wisdom and knowledge, that I may go out and come in before this people: for who can judge this thy people, that is so great?

And God said to Solomon, Because this was in thine heart, and thou hast not asked riches, wealth, or honour, nor the life of thine enemies, neither yet hast asked long life; but hast asked wisdom and knowledge for thyself, that thou mayest judge my people, over whom I have made thee king:

Wisdom and knowledge [is] granted unto thee; and I will give thee riches, and wealth, and honour, such as none of the kings have had that have been before thee, neither shall there any after thee have the like.

b). 2 Chronicles 9:22-24 And king Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom.

And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, that God had put in his heart.

And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, harness, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year.

c). 1 Kings 4:29-34 And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore.

And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt.

For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in all nations round about.

And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five.

And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he spake also of beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes.

And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from all kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom.

4) The effect of what the Queen of Sheba saw in Solomon’s court was literally astounding.

a). 1 Kings 10:4, 5 And when the queen of Sheba had seen all Solomon's wisdom, and the house that he had built,

And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her.

b). The NIV says she “was overwhelmed”, most of the translations say basically the same thing, “there was no more spirit in her.” There is another verse in Scripture that uses the same wording and it is found in Joshua. 

(1) Joshua 5:1 And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, which were on the side of Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, which were by the sea, heard that the LORD had dried up the waters of Jordan from before the children of Israel, until we were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel.

(2) This same effect that the queen experienced and led her to give her heart to the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Saints, when we study the word of God and go deeper than the surface, it will draw us into a deeper relationship with Jesus. We must do this. 

5). Jesus said the queen came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear Solomon’s wisdom and yet, Jesus, a greater than Solomon is here. A wisdom greater than Solomon’s is available to us in Christ Jesus, in the New Covenant. We don’t have to travel 1500 miles! If we are born again, Christ Jesus is in us and we are in Him. The wisdom of Almighty God is available to us through being born again and having the whole counsel of God in His Word. What will we do to hear it? What length we go? Jesus clearly said it is our responsibility to seek it out.

). Mark 4:21-24 [Amplified Bible] And He said to them, Is the lamp brought in to be put under a peck measure or under a bed, and not to be put on the lampstand?

Things are hidden temporarily only as a means to revelation. For there is nothing hidden except to be revealed, nor is anything temporarily kept secret except in order that it may be made known.

If any man has ears to hear, let him be listening and let him perceive and comprehend.

 And He said to them, Be careful what you are hearing. The measure of thought and study you give to the truth you hear will be the measure of virtue and knowledge that comes back to you--and more besides will be given to you who hear.

6). What length will we go to hear the wisdom of God?

1). Proverbs 2:1-5 My son, if thou wilt receive my words, and hide my commandments with thee; 

So that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom, and apply thine heart to understanding; 

Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding; 

If thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures; 

Then shalt thou understand the fear of the LORD, and find the knowledge of God. 

3. “…and behold, a greater than Solomon is here.

a. and [Strong: 2532. kai kahee apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force; and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words:--and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.]

b. behold [Strong: 2400. idou id-oo' second person singular imperative middle voice of 1492; used as imperative lo!; --behold, lo, see.]

c. [a] greater [Strong: 4119. pleion pli-own, or neuter pleion pli'-on, or pleon pleh'-on comparative of 4183; more in quantity, number, or quality; also (in plural) the major portion:--X above, + exceed, more excellent, further, (very) great(-er), long(-er), (very) many, greater (more) part, + yet but.]

d. [than] Solomon [Strong: 4672. Solomon sol-om-one' of Hebrew origin (8010); Solomon (i.e. Shelomoh), the son of David:--Solomon.]

e. [is] here [Strong: 5602. hode ho'-deh from an adverb form of 3592; in this same spot, i.e. here or hither:--here, hither, (in) this place, there.

 1). There is no question that Jesus was referring to himself in this passage. But more is being said here than meets the eye. Jesus said of John the Baptist that he was more than a prophet, indeed the greatest born of woman.

a). Matthew 11:7-11 “And as they departed, Jesus began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What went ye out in the wilderness to see? A reed shaken with the wind?

11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings’ houses.

11:9 But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? Yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet.

11:10 For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee.

11:11 Verily I say unto you, among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist: notwithstanding he that is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.”

b). Jesus was saying that John was not only the greatest prophet but also the greatest born of a woman. Why? Because he was the forerunner of the Messiah! It was his calling. But Jesus does not stop there, he goes on to say “…that he that is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.”

c). Jesus is saying that the least of those in the kingdom of heaven, the New Testament age is greater than John.  

2). If he that is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than the greatest prophet, the greatest born of woman, where are we at? Most New Testament believers do not realize the greatness of their ministry. They go through life believing they are just sinners saved by grace. Such belief is a slap in the face of God. Yes it is true that no one has reached sinless perfection on this earth, but as we grow in Christ we should sin less and less. Positionly in Christ we are greater than the greatest Old Testament prophet. No, a greater than Jonas is here!  

a). Colossians 1:26, 27 “ Even the mystery which hath been hid from ages and from generations, but now is made manifest to his saints:

To whom God would make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles; which is Christ in you, the hope of glory.”

b). Ephesians 5:30 “For we are members of his body, and of his bones.”

3). When we are living our lives to the glory of God, and being transformed into his image…a greater than Jonas is here!