John19:30

 John 19:30

When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

a. NASB 1995: Therefore when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And He bowed His head and gave up His spirit. [NASB95 New American Standard Bible. Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation; All Rights Reserved]

b. YLT: When, therefore, Jesus received the vinegar, he said, 'It hath been finished;' and having bowed the head, gave up the spirit. [The Young's Literal Translation was translated by Robert Young, who believed in a strictly literal translation of God's word. This version of the Bible is in the public domain.]

c. Classic Amplified: When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, It is finished! And He bowed His head and gave up His spirit.  [Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC) Copyright © 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation]

d. Peshitta Eastern Text: When Jesus drank the vinegar, he said, It is fulfilled; and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.  [HOLY BIBLE FROM THE ANCIENT EASTERN TEXT. Copyright  Ⓒ 1933 by A.J. Holmon Co.; copyright  Ⓒ renewed 1968 by A.J. Holmon Co.; All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. HarperCollins Publishers, 195 Broadway, New York, NY 10007.]

e. ESV: When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. [Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001, 2007, 2011, 2016 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved."]

f. Unless otherwise stated, all greek and Hebrew definitions are from Blue Letter Bible

1. “When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished…” 

a. When [Strong: 3753 hóte, hot'-eh; from G3739 and G5037; at which (thing) too, i.e. when:—after (that), as soon as, that, when, while.]

b. [Strong: 3588. [ho] ὁ ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [ho] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.] [Additional variants: tē, hoi, oi, tēn, ta, tēs, tois, tais, tō, tōn, tou, hé, Hē, hē, hai, tas.]

c. Jesus [Strong: 2424 Iēsoûs, ee-ay-sooce'; of Hebrew origin (H3091); Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites:—Jesus.]

d. therefore [Strong: 3767 oûn, oon; apparently a primary word; (adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly:—and (so, truly), but, now (then), so (likewise then), then, therefore, verily, wherefore.]

e. [had] received [Strong: 2983 lambánō, lam-ban'-o; a prolonged form of a primary verb, which is use only as an alternate in certain tenses; to take (in very many applications, literally and figuratively (properly objective or active, to get hold of; whereas G1209 is rather subjective or passive, to have offered to one; while G138 is more violent, to seize or remove)):—accept, + be amazed, assay, attain, bring, × when I call, catch, come on (X unto), + forget, have, hold, obtain, receive (X after), take (away, up).]

f. [Strong: 3588. [to] ὁ ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [to] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.] [Additional variants: tē, hoi, oi, tēn, ta, tēs, tois, tais, tō, tōn, tou, hé, Hē, hē, hai, tas.]

g. vinegar [Strong: 3690 óxos, oz-os; from G3691; vinegar, i.e. sour wine:—vinegar.]

h. [he] said [Strong: 2036 épō, ep'-o; a primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from G2046, G4483, and G5346); to speak or say (by word or writing):—answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell.]

i. [It is] finished [Strong: 5055 teléō, tel-eh'-o; from G5056; to end, i.e. complete, execute, conclude, discharge (a debt):—accomplish, make an end, expire, fill up, finish, go over, pay, perform.]

1). When Jesus said “It is finished.” He was referring to the shedding of his blood, the blood sacrifice to pay for our sins, but the complete work of our redemption was not complete. There were still steps of the process to be done. For instance the resurrection had not yet taken place, there fore our justification was not accomplished. That only took place when Christ was risen. The blood had yet to be placed on the mercy seat in heaven which Christ did himself after the resurrection (Hebrews 9:14-24).  

a).  NASB 1995: He who was delivered over because of our transgressions, and was raised because of our justification.  [NASB95 New American Standard Bible. Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation; All Rights Reserved]

2).When Jesus was justified, we were justified, when Jesus was quickened, we were quickened, when Jesus was raised, we were raised.

a). 1 Timothy 3:16 And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.

b). Romans 3:24-26 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:

3:25 Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;

3:26 To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.

3). Kenneth Copeland Ministries: How did Jesus become sin for me? Second Corinthians 5:21 says, “For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.” At Kenneth Copeland Ministries, we believe that when Jesus died for us and rose again, He purchased for us a total and complete redemption which required that He endure a physical and spiritual death. We know Jesus had no sin. He was not born with a spiritual nature of sin like men who have earthly fathers, and He never committed any sin while He was on the earth (Matthew 1:23; Hebrews 4:15). Scripture says He was made to be sin for us. Why? So that we could be made righteous, or have “right-standing” with God. The nature of sin that Jesus took on for us did not just affect His physical body, but also His spirit. Because of this, Jesus died spiritually (became spiritually separated from His Father) and went to hell. Jesus remained in constant contact with His Father during His earthly life. So when He became sin for us, the spiritual separation (death) that occurred was so intense that He cried with a loud voice saying, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46). Jesus now realized what it was like to be separated from God because of sin. He then cried out to the Lord and declared, “Into Thy hands I commend My spirit” (Luke 23:46). In other words, He could no longer save Himself from where He was going (hell), because He had become spiritually separated. He was trusting the Father to save Him. He was going to hell to suffer the same torment we would have suffered if we were sent to hell. Jesus paid the ultimate price, experiencing death to the ultimate degree. Jesus had a job to do in hell, but praise God, He did not stay there (Acts 2:31)! The Spirit of God raised Jesus from the dead (Romans 8:11), and He became the firstborn from the dead and the firstborn among many brothers and sisters (Colossians 1:12-18; Romans 8:29). Jesus stripped Satan of his power over death and became the victorious champion of the grave (Hebrews 2:14-18). Now we can accept Jesus as our Lord and Savior and live with God for eternity, never to be separated from Him again (Romans 10:9-10)!  

4). E. W. Kenyon, What Happened From the Cross to the Throne; What Happened During the Three Days and Three Nights; Page 59: In the first sermon after the resurrection of the Lord, Peter says these remarkable words, “Him, being delivered up by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye by the hand of lawless men id crucify and slay: whom God raised up, having loosed the pangs of death; because it was not possible that he should be holden of it.” Acts 2:23, 24. A better rendering of the words, “pangs of death” is the “birth-throes of death,” suggesting that the church was born out of the birth-throes of the spirit of Jesus. Read the twenty-seventh verse; “Because thou wilt not leave my soul unto (in) Hades, neither wilt thou give thy Holy One to see corruption.” (In Joseph of Arimathea’s tomb). Also [Acts 2:] 29-31, “Men and brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulchre is with us unto this day. 30 Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne; 31 He seeing this before spake of the resurrection of Christ, that his soul was not left in hell, neither his flesh did see corruption.” Peter gave a striking message. He spoke by revelation. He told them that Jesus was then seated at the right hand of God, yet no intimation had been given in regard to it. Notice this fact. “His soul was not left in Hades, nor did His body see corruption in Joseph’s tomb. The eighty-eighth Psalm gives us a foreview of the substitutionary sacrifice of Jesus in Hades. [Also a portion of Psalm 72].

a). Psalm 881-18  O lord God of my salvation, I have cried day and night before thee:

88:2 Let my prayer come before thee: incline thine ear unto my cry;

88:3 For my soul is full of troubles: and my life draweth nigh unto the grave.

88:4 I am counted with them that go down into the pit: I am as a man that hath no strength:

88:5 Free among the dead, like the slain that lie in the grave, whom thou rememberest no more: and they are cut off from thy hand.

88:6 Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps.

88:7 Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast afflicted me with all thy waves. Selah.

88:8 Thou hast put away mine acquaintance far from me; thou hast made me an abomination unto them: I am shut up, and I cannot come forth.

88:9 Mine eye mourneth by reason of affliction: Lord, I have called daily upon thee, I have stretched out my hands unto thee.

88:10 Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee? Selah.

88:11 Shall thy lovingkindness be declared in the grave? or thy faithfulness in destruction?

88:12 Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?

88:13 But unto thee have I cried, O Lord; and in the morning shall my prayer prevent thee.

88:14 Lord, why castest thou off my soul? why hidest thou thy face from me?

88:15 I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up: while I suffer thy terrors I am distracted.

88:16 Thy fierce wrath goeth over me; thy terrors have cut me off.

88:17 They came round about me daily like water; they compassed me about together.

88:18 Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness.

b). Psalm 71:20, 21 Thou, which hast shewed me great and sore troubles, shalt quicken me again, and shalt bring me up again from the depths of the earth.

71:21 Thou shalt increase my greatness, and comfort me on every side.

5). The above passages and the others cited all fit into the Powerful Isaiah 53 chapter of Isaiah, in particular this passage.

a). Isaiah 53:10, 11 Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.

53:11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.

6). Surely after Christ Jesus suffered in hell and the offering for sin was paid in full, He was justified in the spirit (1 Timothy 3:16). He was quickened by the Spirit Ephesians 2:5, 6; Romans 8:11). Jesus secured the keys of death hell and the grave (Colossians 2:13-15). 

7). In his first epistle, the Apostle Peter gave a revelation of some what Christ did during his time in the underworld. After the sin penalty was paid (Isaiah 53:10, 11), Christ Jesus preached to spirits in hell, in particular those of Noah's day.

8). Gordon Lindsay, Life and Teachings of Christ, Volume 3: “It is to be noted that Noah was the only preacher of righteousness among perhaps millions of people who lived at that time. This being the case it is probable that many antediluvians never received an opportunity to hear the truth.”  

9). I feel it is sound to believe that Christ preached to those who had never heard the truth during the days of Noah. 

a). 1 Peter 3:18-20  For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:

3:19 By which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison;

3:20 Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water.  

 

2. “...and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.”

a. and [Strong: 2532 kaí, kahee; apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force; and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words:—and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.]

b. [he] bowed [Strong: 2827 klínō, klee'-no; a primary verb; to slant or slope, i.e. incline or recline (literally or figuratively):—bow (down), be far spent, lay, turn to flight, wear away.]

c. [Strong: 3588. [tēn] ὁ ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [tēn] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.] [Additional variants: tē, hoi, oi, tēn, ta, tēs, tois, tais, tō, tōn, tou, hé, Hē, hē, hai, tas.]

[his] head [Strong: 2776 kephalḗ, kef-al-ay'; from the primary κάπτω káptō (in the sense of seizing); the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figuratively:—head.]

d. [and] gave up [Strong: 3860 paradídōmi, par-ad-id'-o-mee; from G3844 and G1325; to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit:—betray, bring forth, cast, commit, deliver (up), give (over, up), hazard, put in prison, recommend.]

e. [Strong: 3588. [to] ὁ ho ho, including the feminine he hay, and the neuter to to in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.] [Thayer: [to] ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.] [Additional variants: tē, hoi, oi, tēn, ta, tēs, tois, tais, tō, tōn, tou, hé, Hē, hē, hai, tas.]

f. ghost [Strong: 4151 pneûma, pnyoo'-mah; from G4154; a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit:—ghost, life, spirit(-ual, -ually), mind.