Genesis 10:31

  Genesis 10:31

These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations.

a. NLT: These were the descendants of Shem, identified by clan, language, territory, and national identity. [Scripture quotations marked (NLT) are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.]

b. ASV: These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations.  [Thomas Nelson & Sons first published the American Standard Version in 1901. This translation of the Bible is in the public domain.]

c. YLT:  These are sons of Shem, by their families, by their tongues, in their lands, by their nations. [The Young's Literal Translation was translated by Robert Young, who believed in a strictly literal translation of God's word. This version of the Bible is in the public domain.]

d. Classic Amplified: These are Shem’s descendants by their families, their languages, their lands, and their nations. [Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC) Copyright © 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation]

e. Stone Edition THE CHUMASH, Rabbinic Commentary: These are the descendants of Shem according to their families, by their languages, in their lands, byt their nations.  [The Artscroll Series/Stone Edition, THE TANACH--STUDENT SIZE EDITION Copyright 1996, 1998 by Mesorah Publications, Ldt.]

1. “These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues…”

a. These [are] [Strong: 428 'el-leh ale'-leh prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).]

b. [the] sons [Strong: 1121 ben bane from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to, (+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, + kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+) people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, + spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.]

c. [of] Shem [Strong: 8035 Shem shame the same as 8034; name; Shem, a son of Noah (often includ. his posterity):--Sem, Shem.]

d. [after their] families [Strong: 4940 mishpachah mish-paw-khaw' from 8192 (Compare 8198); a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:--family, kind(-red).]

e. [after their] tongues [Strong: 3956 lashown law-shone' or lashon {law-shone'}; also (in plural) feminine lshonah {lesh-o-naw'}; from 3960; the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water):--+ babbler,bay, + evil speaker, language, talker, tongue, wedge.]

2. “...in their lands, after their nations.”

a. [in their] lands [Strong: 776 'erets eh'-rets from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth, field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.]

b. [after their] nations [Strong: 1471 gowy go'-ee rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.]

1). This genealogy, Genesis 10:21-31 follows Arphaxad’s line down through his great grandson Joktan. Joktan had 13 sons: Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Didlah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, havilah, Jobab.

2). There is another genealogy of Shem listed in Genesis 11:10-26 that follows Arphaxad’s line down through Eber’s other son, Peleg. From Peleg, it follows through 5 generations down to Abram. See notes of Genesis 11:10-26.