Romans
9:18
Therefore hath he mercy on whom he
will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
1. “Therefore hath he mercy on whom
he will have mercy…”
a. Therefore
[Strong: 686 ara ar'-ah probably from 142 (through the
idea of drawing a conclusion); a particle denoting an inference more or less
decisive (as follows):--haply, (what) manner (of man), no doubt, perhaps, so
be, then, therefore, truly, wherefore. Often used in connection with other
particles, especially 1065 or 3767 (after) or 1487 (before).]
b. [Strong: 3767 oun oon apparently
a primary word; (adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly:--and
(so, truly), but, now (then), so (likewise then), then, therefore, verily,
wherefore.]
c. hath he mercy
[Strong: 1653 eleeo el-eh-eh'-o from 1656; to
compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace):--have compassion
(pity on), have (obtain, receive, shew) mercy (on).]
d. on whom
[Strong: 3739 hos hos, including feminine he hay, and
neuter ho ho probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588);
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that:--one,
(an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc.]
e. he will [have
mercy] [Strong: 2309 thelo thel'-o or ethelo eth-el'-o,
in certain tenses theleo thel-eh'-o, and etheleo eth-el-eh'-o, which are
otherwise obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138; to
determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly
denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose
or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be
inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense,
to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in:--desire, be disposed (forward),
intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, -
ling(-ly)).]
2. “…and whom he will he hardeneth.”
a. and [Strong: 1161 de deh a
primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and, etc.:--also, and,
but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).]
b. whom [Strong: 3739 hos hos,
including feminine he hay, and neuter ho ho probably a primary word
(or perhaps a form of the article 3588); the relatively (sometimes
demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that:--one, (an-, the) other, some,
that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc.]
c. he will [have mercy] [Strong:
2309 thelo thel'-o or ethelo eth-el'-o, in certain
tenses theleo thel-eh'-o, and etheleo eth-el-eh'-o, which are otherwise
obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138; to determine
(as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly denotes
rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or
prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined
to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be
about to; by Hebraism, to delight in:--desire, be disposed (forward), intend,
list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).]
d. [he] hardens [Strong: 4645 skleruno sklay-roo'-no from
4642; to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn:--harden.]
1). Albert Barnes Commentary: It
does not mean to exert a positive influence, but to leave a sinner to his own
course, and to place him in circumstances where the character will be more and
more developed; see the note at John 12:40. It implies, however, an act of
sovereignty on the part of God in thus leaving him to his chosen course, and in
not putting forth that influence by which he could be saved from death.
2). Adam Clarke Commentary: Therefore
hath he mercy on whom he will - This is the apostle's conclusion from the facts
already laid down: that God, according to his own will and wisdom, in perfect
righteousness, bestows mercy; that is to say, his blessings upon one part of
mankind, (the Jews of old, and the Gentiles of the present time), while he
suffers another part (the Egyptians of old, and the Jews of the present day) to
go on in the abuse of his goodness and forbearance, hardening themselves in
sin, till he brings upon them a most just and exemplary punishment, unless this
be prevented by their deep repentance and general return to God through Jesus
the promised, the real Messiah.
3). The process of man sinning and
God reacting to it is on display in Romans 1:18-32.
a). Romans 1:18-32 does not say all of the wickedness including
homosexuality will bring the wrath of God, it says it IS the wrath of God. What
we see in this passage is a step by step process of apostasy, of man’s willful
disobedience and God’s wrathful response of turning them over to their sin.
Rejection of the truth is always followed by becoming vain in thinking and
becoming heathen in behavior. What is so important to this study is the
principles revealed in these and other Scriptures are universal spiritual law,
so to what degree individuals or groups and even nations reject revealed truth,
will be the degree they will become vain in their thinking and the amount of
spiritual foolishness or heathenism and paganism they will demonstrate.
b). The rejection occurs first, hardening of the human heart/spirit to Biblical
truth occurs next and finally God turning people over to their sin.
4). Yes the Bible clearly says that God will send strong delusion that
they would believe a lie (2 Thessalonians 2:11, 12), but notice also the
falling away of the people that occurs previously, and in particular what the
words “falling away” mean.
a). 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that
day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin
be revealed, the son of perdition;
b). falling away [Strong: 646 apostasia ap-os-tas-ee'-ah
feminine of the same as 647; defection from truth (properly, the state)
("apostasy"):--falling away, forsake.] [Thayer: a falling away, defection, apostasy.]
[Vine: "a defection, revolt, apostasy," is used in the NT of
religious apostasy; in Acts 21:21, it is translated "to forsake,"
lit., "thou teachest apostasy from Moses." In 2 Thessalonians 2:3
"the falling away" signifies apostasy from the faith.]
c). Before God sends strong delusion these people reject the truth.
5). A passage that sheds light on this is Isaiah 6:9, 10, but compared Jesus
words about it.
a). Isaiah 6:9, 10 And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye
indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not.
6:10 Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and
shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and
understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed.
b). Matthew 13:13-15 Therefore speak I to them in parables: because
they seeing see not; and hearing they hear not, neither do they understand.
13:14 And in them is fulfilled the prophecy of Esaias, which saith, By
hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and
shall not perceive:
13:15 For this people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull
of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see
with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their
heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
c). The people closed their own eyes.
